Frequently Asked Questions

The difference between import and export is that import refers to the bringing of goods and services from other countries while export refers to the taking/selling of goods and services to other countries.

As with the rest of our advice, documents can also be country or area-specific. Here we offer advice on the most universally important documents that customs authorities are most likely to request.

A commercial Invoice

The supplier of the goods issues the commercial invoice to the buyer. This is a legal document that serves as proof of sale between the two parties. When importing, the customs representative uses the commercial invoice to determine the true value of the goods and to evaluate the duties and taxes payable. Listed below are some of the details that customs authorities look for on commercial invoices:

• Invoice number and date
• Prices, quantities, descriptions and HS codes of the products being sold
• Information about the seller and buyer, including their tax identification numbers
• Agreed incoterms

Customs authorities in some nations may permit pro forma invoices (preliminary invoices) to govern the import duties and taxes. Other nations may need a separate customs invoice, which basically has the same information as a commercial invoice, but in a specified format. Regardless, the customs broker can help you clarify what type of invoice is needed to clear your shipment.

A packing list

The packing list consists of all specifics about the contents of a shipment and plays an important role in the shipping procedure. As well as being used by the customs broker for the clearance, freight forwarders need the details to create a booking with a carrier and issue the bill of lading. Listed below are some of the details that frequently appear on packing lists:

• Detailed information about the seller, buyer, and shipper
• The invoice numbers
• The date of shipment
• The mode of transport
• Important information about the carrier
• The description of the goods
• Type of packaging (e.g., box, crate, drum, or carton)
• The quantities
• The dimensions
• The total net and gross weights
• The package marks (e.g., container and seal numbers)

The certificate of Origin

The certificate of origin states which country a material has originated in or a product was manufactured. This document typically contains information about the goods themselves, their destination, and country of origin. In certain countries, it’s required in every case and in others only for specific products. The certificate of origin helps determine whether your goods are eligible for import, subject to duties, and entitled to any preferential treatment.

There is no standardized form for a certificate of origin. Usually, the exporter or the manufacturer prepares the document. It might require an official certification by an authorized third party, such as a chamber of commerce. It is recommended that the exporter verifies with the buyer and/or an experienced freight forwarder whether a certificate of origin is compulsory.

A Letter of Credit (L/C) or other payment terms

A letter of credit is basically a letter from a bank ensuring that the seller will receive his payment on time and will receive the correct amount. If the buyer is unable to pay, the bank will be obligated to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase, hence protecting the seller. While letters of credit are still extensively used, other payment systems are obtainable including:

• Advance payment – The exporter will receive the payment via wire transfer or telegraphic transfer (T/T), or credit card prior to the delivery of the goods.
• Open account (O/A) – The goods are shipped and delivered before payment is due, this system is preferable for buyers but can be risky for shippers.
• Documentary collection (D/C) – A bank in the nation of the importer will act on behalf of the shipper and collect the payment for the goods.

A Bill of Lading or Airway Bill

The bill of lading is a legally binding document supplied by a carrier to a shipper. Its frameworks details such as the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. The bill of lading serves as a contract between the freight carrier and the shipper. It’s a document of title and can be transferred by endorsement. No matter what the mode of transportation is this document must always accompany the shipped goods. The term bill of lading is typically used for goods transported via sea. For air cargo transport, the term airway bill is more common. Both documents serve the same purpose.

Miscellaneous other documents

Occasionally, customs authorities request other documents to complete the procedure. Here below is a list of some of them:

• Import and export licenses
• Inspection certificates
• Dangerous goods declarations
• Permits

Your customs broker will inform you if this is the case in due time and provide further guidance if needed.

The amount of duty payable will be charged according to how the car is classified in the HS Nomenclature despite the price you’d have bought it for.